The Spanish National Institute for Safety and Hygiene at Work (INSHT) establishes that the assessment of occupational risks is an essential process to identify the hazards associated with productive activities and estimate the probability and consequences of their occurrence. To achieve this goal, the following steps must be followed:
- Hazard Identification: Each work area may present different risk factors that impact the safety of the worker. These hazards are classified into five categories:
- Physical Hazards (energy): Such as noise, vibration, poor lighting, and unsafe work surfaces.
- Chemical Hazards: Related to contact with toxic solid, liquid, or gaseous substances.
- Biological Hazards: Associated with contact with organic elements that can cause diseases.
- Ergonomic Hazards: Related to poor postures and improper handling of tools and equipment.
- Psychosocial Hazards: Linked to work conditions that affect the well-being and mental health of the worker.
- Risk Estimation: For each identified hazard, it’s necessary to estimate the risk by evaluating the potential severity of the damage and the likelihood of its occurrence.
- Risk Assessment: The obtained risk assessment helps prioritize preventive actions and measures to enhance existing controls or implement new prevention plans. Below are the actions based on the identified risk level:
- Trivial Risk: No specific action required.
- Tolerable Risk: No need to improve preventive action, but periodic checks should be carried out.
- Moderate Risk: Efforts should be made to reduce the risk, especially if associated with harmful consequences.
- Significant Risk: Work should not proceed until risks are controlled. Regular reviews are necessary afterward.
- Intolerable Risk: Work should not proceed until the risk is reduced. If not feasible, work should be prohibited.
The outcome of risk assessment enables the establishment of appropriate preventive actions and plans to create a safe work environment, ensuring the health and well-being of workers. The implementation of suitable safety standards and equipment becomes a priority for the company, guaranteeing a secure work environment and protecting the most valuable asset: the human capital.
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